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1.
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RNA polymerase
a. | is an enzyme used in DNA replication that allows the addition of new nucleotides to
the newly synthesized strand of DNA. | b. | is a nucleic acid used in transcription to
synthesize new RNA nucleotides. | c. | is an enzyme that unwinds DNA during DNA
replication, allowing DNA polymerase to transcribe a new strand of DNA. | d. | is an enzyme that
unwinds a section of DNA and transcribes a strand of mRNA by adding complementary
nucleotides. |
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2.
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Eukaryotes have transcription factors that
a. | bind to the promoter region and give RNA polymerase a starting point for
transcription. | b. | attach to RNA polymerase after it binds to the TATA box. | c. | allow RNA polymerase
to transcribe both strands of DNA at once, after it has been unwound. | d. | signal the end of
transcription and release the strand of mRNA. |
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3.
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The TATA box
a. | makes up part of the eukaryotic promoter region. | b. | is a DNA sequence
containing multiple adenine and thymine bases. | c. | is located about 25 bases upstream of the point
where transcription starts. | d. | (a) and (b) only | e. | (a), (b), and (c)
are all correct |
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4.
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How does the termination of transcription differ between prokaryotes and
eukaryotes?
a. | In prokaryotes, transcription ends at the terminator sequence while in eukaryotes the
DNA codes for a signal to detach the RNA, which is further modified. | b. | In prokaryotes,
transcription ends at the terminator sequence while in eukaryotes the RNA polymerase continues down
the entire length of the DNA strand. | c. | In prokaryotes, transcription ends at the
polyadenylation signal while in eukaryotes it ends at the terminator sequence before being further
modified. | d. | Termination occurs at the terminator sequence in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes,
however the RNA in eukaryotes gets further processed after it is
released. |
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5.
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What is a 5’ cap?
a. | modified adenine nucleotide added to the 5’ end of the newly synthesized RNA
strand | b. | modified guanine nucleotide added to the 5’ end of the newly synthesized RNA
strand | c. | modified thymine nucleotide added to the 5’ end of the newly synthesized RNA
strand | d. | modified uracil nucleotide added to the 5’ end of the newly synthesized RNA
strand | e. | modified cytosine nucleotide added to the 5’ end of the newly synthesized RNA
strand |
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6.
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RNA splicing is
a. | the addition of a 5’ cap to a strand of RNA. | b. | the addition of a
poly-A tail to a strand of RNA. | c. | the removal of introns from a strand of RNA
before it is translated. | d. | (a) and (b) only | e. | (a), (b), and (c)
are all part of RNA splicing |
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7.
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A spliceosome
a. | removes snRNPs from an RNA strand. | b. | cuts out segments of RNA to make
snRNPs. | c. | removes exons and joins together introns of an RNA strand. | d. | removes introns and
joins together exons of an RNA strand. |
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8.
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How is alternative RNA splicing important in the evolution of organisms?
a. | Organisms splice their RNA differently based on the environment, allowing individuals
to adapt and pass that adaptation to their offspring. | b. | Organisms may have different phenotypes based
on how the RNA is spliced, which gives a variety of traits on which natural selection may
act. | c. | New genes may arise through alternative RNA splicing, introducing new genetic
material on which natural selection may act. | d. | RNA splicing removes sections of RNA that are
damaged due to DNA mutations, ensuring that these mutations are not passed on to future
generations. |
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